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Wedding

Weddings in Bihar and Jharkhand, like most Indian weddings, are a grand affair rich in tradition and modern festivities. In earlier days, most would last a month, but in recent times, the ceremonies are completed within four to five days. Usually, they are divided into pre-wedding, wedding, and post-wedding ceremonies. Every wedding starts by seeking blessings from Lord Vishnu. A Satya Narayan Katha is held in the bride and groom’s home to ensure all their upcoming wedding rituals go smoothly and without obstacles. The exciting part is that the Havan Kund, the holy fire, continues until the wedding day. Following this puja are the Cheka and Tilak ceremonies, marking the formal acceptance of the marriage proposal where both sides exchange shagun. But the real fun begins with the Haldi and Mehendi pre-wedding functions. Both ceremonies are significant and joyous, with lots of singing and dancing. In Haldi, the bride and groom are smeared with a paste of turmeric, while in Mehendi, henna designs are applied to the bride’s hands and feet. To Other pre-wedding functions like Haldi Kutai, Madappachadan, Dhritdhaari, Matripuja, Silpoha, and Imli Ghutai are also performed by most families. Bihar and Jharkhand weddings are steeped in culture. The ancient traditions, the rituals, the attire, and the hospitality all stand as testimony to India’s heritage. On the wedding day, the groom's mother performs a puja called Paricchavan before the baraat leaves for the bride’s home or wedding venue. The groom is usually on horseback, in a buggy or car, fully decorated with fresh flowers. The Baraatis (the groom's family and friends) partake in the baraat procession. Upon Baraat Prasthan (arrival of the groom), garlands are exchanged on the wedding mandap between the bride and groom called Jaimala and Galsedi. The next ritual is Kanyadaan, where the bride’s father blesses his daughter affirming the union and the saat-pheras where the bride and groom walk seven times around the agni-dev (fire). Finally, the groom applies sindoor (vermillion) and ties the Taagpaag (a sacred necklace) around her neck to seal the marriage. What follows is a big feast for the guests with delicacies and sweets like Litti Chokha, Dal Puri, Mutton curry, Kheer, Malpua, Thekua, and Balushahi.

Cultural Significance

Weddings in Bihar and Jharkhand, like most Indian weddings, go beyond the union of two individuals. They embody the coming together of two families celebrating the union. Thus, every ritual performed at a Bihar and Jharkhand wedding carries deep cultural significance. Each ritual is designed with a definite purpose backed by many traditions passed down from Vedic times. For instance, the first pre-wedding ritual, the Satya Narayan Katha, is performed to invoke the blessings of Lord Vishnu, ensuring the marriage proceeds without obstacles. 

Also, while the yellow colour of the Haldi denotes prosperity, it is believed to purify and bless the couple and protect them against evil. The colour of the Mehendi too carries deep cultural significance. It is said that the darker the Mehendi on the bride's hands, the stronger the love and marriage.

The most sacred wedding day function, the Saat Pheras, holds deep cultural significance. The Agni (burning fire) symbolizes transformation and purification, while, each Phera signifies a vow that the couple makes to each other, from sharing responsibilities to togetherness, loyalty, respect, progeny, health, and love.

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Fashioning Tradition

For centuries, wedding attire in Bihar was traditional and simple but Bollywood has added a contemporary edge to the traditional style. Designer wedding sarees have caught on in Bihar. Also, many young Bihari brides are using the service of professionals to drape the saree in a more contemporary style. Bollywood has even inspired brides to experiment with colors beyond yellow, red, and maroon. Designer sarees are available in pastels, pinks, oranges, off-whites, unconventional hues of metallic shades and dual tones, adding a modern twist to traditional styles. For the Haldi and Mehendi ceremony sarees have paved the way for lehengas and indo-western gowns. Similarly, bridal make-up and hairstyling, too, has reached an altogether new level. Professional make-up artists charge thousands of rupees to create picture-perfect brides with flawless skin, smoky eyes, bold lips, and intricate hairstyles with flowers and hair accessories.

The Bihari groom’s attire is not too far from his bride’s. It is as regal and rich as the bride’s attire. A perfectly matching couple reflects their joint efforts to coordinate every outfit. Also, it looks well-balanced in the photos and videos. From the typical dhoti kurta modern-day grooms influenced by Bollywood are wearing embroidered Sherwanis with Mukuts (turbans), Sehras (beaded veil) and Kalgis (turban jewel) for the pheras and Indo-Western fusion wear for their Haldi and Mehendi ceremony. Also, male grooming and make-up have grown exponentially in Bihar’s matrimony market.

These days, fashion styling for a Bihari bride and groom even depends on the destination and theme of the marriage. For instance, if four days of wedding ceremonies are to be held in a hotel in Lake Como or the Amalfi Coast, the bride and groom would incorporate attire that fits the chosen scenic location. Also, the theme choice and its colours can influence the couple’s attire. Finally, it is all about creating the right balance between traditional elements and contemporary styles. 

Jewellery & Accessories

Bihari brides and grooms wear traditional jewellery during the pre-wedding, wedding day and post-wedding ceremonies. While the pre and post-wedding jewellery continues to reflect the region's rich cultural heritage, today their wedding day jewellery is largely influenced by Bollywood designs.

A Bihari bride’s jewellery includes most ornaments from head to toe made from 22k gold or silver. It consists of the Maang tikka or Tikli (a forehead ornament), the Nath (nose ring), the Dholna (a necklace with a gold locket in the shape of a drum usually gifted to the bride by her brothers), Bichhua (anklets), and the traditional Lahthis (bangles made of the resin lac). 

Image Credits

Wedding Wire | The Statesman | Money Control | X | Youtube | Wedding Photography | Pinterest | Candid Photography | Hidustan Times | Rig Photography | Free Press Studio