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Meenakari earrings are often crafted in gold, incorporating gemstones like diamonds, rubies, emeralds and pearls. The gold meenakari bell-shaped Jhumka earrings are a favourite accessory of brides. Also, chandbali earrings, which have a crescent moon shape, are trending at Indian weddings and festivals. While both Jhumkas and chandbalis are more elaborate for daily wear, there are also Meenakari stud earrings in stylish shapes and colours. Meenakari earrings are a reflection of India's artistic legacy and cultural richness. Each earring encapsulates the history, tradition, and Meenakari art form. Meenakari is an ancient art form that involves enamelling metal surfaces with vibrant colours, patterns, and designs. The word Meenakari or M?n?k?r? is derived from two Persian words: m?n? and k?r?. M?n? is a feminine variation of the word m?n?, meaning paradise or heaven. K?r? means to do or place something onto something else. Together, the word Meenakari decodes placing paradise on an object. The art form took birth in the Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, which ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD. The culturally heterogeneous empire gave birth to Iranian architecture and art forms that gradually differentiated themselves from the then-prevailing predominant Greek style. Later, after defeating the Parthians, King Ardashir of Persis established the Sasanian or Sassanid empire that ruled Persia till 651CE. During both these reigns, civilisation prospered, and Persian culture became a highlight of the region. The golden period lasted till 651 CE when it was overthrown by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate. Since then, the art form has come a long way. While the exquisite enamel work still exists in modern Isfahan, Iran, it has spread to other parts of the world, including India. It travelled to India in the 16th century with Mongols who visited the sub-continent. It is said that the Mughal Emperor Akbar was so fascinated by this unique art form that he introduced it to India. He decorated palace walls, pillars, ceilings and even his throne with Meenakari work. Seeing the intricate work, Raja Ram Singh, a royal patron of the Moghul court and a connoisseur of art, sent invitations to skilled artisans from Lahore to set up their enamelling workshops in Mewar, Rajasthan. Art was no longer restricted to adorning royal palaces; it also found its way into royal jewellery pieces. Exquisite Meenakari work, fit for Kings and Queens, decorated royal earrings, necklaces, bangles, bracelets, and rings. Raja Ram Singh also built many Krishna temples, including Kanak Vrindavan near Amber Ghati of Jaipur, bringing the Mogul art of Meenakari work to Jaipur. Today, Jaipur in Rajasthan boasts as a hub for Meenakari jewellery, giving the art form a prominent place in India’s rich cultural heritage. Meenakari earrings represent an art form backed by India’s rich history and cultural heritage. Its vibrant colours, intricate designs, and symbolism continue to wow women.
Three different types of enamelling techniques are used on Meenakari earrings. They are the Ek Rang Khula Meena, Panch Rang Meena and Gulabi Meena. Ek Rang Khula Meena uses a single-color enamel. Here, the Meenakar fills the engraved sections of the earrings with a single colour enamel such that the motif design gets highlighted with exposed gold lines. On the other hand, the Panch Rang Meena uses five colours of enamel - white, light blue, dark blue, green, and red. Lastly, the Gulabi Meena uses pink enamel made with Gulab or rose, which is peculiar to Varanasi. Traditional Meenakari earrings have motifs of phool-patti (flowers and foliage), peacocks, parrots, fish, and elephants engraved onto the surface.
While intricate Meenakari work on gold continues to be the forte of Meenakars from Jaipur and Bikaner, Meenakars from Nathdwara, Bikaner, and Udaipur are famous for their silver Meenakari. Delhi and Banares are also known for beautiful Meenakari earrings. A Meenakar works with the goldsmith (babu), ghaaria (engraver), the chitteria (designer) and jadiya (setter). Though the designs and processes here haven’t changed much, meenakars are now experimenting with modern fusion earring designs that appeal to a larger audience. They even do enamelling on base metals other than gold, which demands lower prices. Further, meenakars use vilayati meena or enamel imported from Europe, which is substantially cheaper than the indigenously manufactured or desi enamel. The vilayati enamel is cheaper and can be fired multiple times while making the earrings.
While Meenakari earrings highlight the seamless blend of traditional artistry with contemporary fashion trends, a few elements or features distinguish them from other earrings. Firstly, base metals like gold, silver, brass, and copper are used in Meenakari earrings. Though buyers preferred gold Meena earrings for their appearance and value, silver and copper base metals made them more accessible. Modern-day imitation Meenakari earrings use white metal as the base, making them more affordable. Secondly, all Meenakari earrings have some form of traditional Indian motifs such as paisleys, peacocks, elephants, flowers, and leaves. These hand-painted intricate motifs lend a cultural richness to the earrings.
Another element is the kind of enamel used on the base metal in Meenakari jewellery. The enamel colours consist of metal oxides mixed with a tint of finely powdered glass or the powder of various semi-precious and precious stones. Meenakars also use desi or vilayati enamels, depending on the fine work required on the earrings. Besides the kind of enamel used, another distinguishing feature is the colour of the enamel. Exquisite Meenakari earrings are available in one single colour or a mix of shades. Based on the colour, they are differentiated as Ek Rang Khula Meena, Panch Rang Meena and Gulabi Meena earrings.
Lastly, some Meenakari earrings also have Kundan settings, where precious or semi-precious gemstones are encrusted to enhance their beauty. Meenakari earrings can vary from exclusive heirloom pieces to casual and affordable types. The base metal, the kind of enamel used, the hours it takes to enamel, the durability, etc., define each pair of Meenakari earrings.
Meenakari earrings are a big part of the traditional wedding trousseau. Besides being an integral part of Rajasthani bridal jewellery, Meenakari earrings can also be worn on different occasions, to various places and with multiple outfits. Meena jhumkas, Meena chandeliers, Meena hoops, Meena chandbalis, and Meena studs are famous in India but have also left a mark on international fashion ramps. You can wear a beautiful pair of Meenakari earrings to weddings, festivals, celebrations, social events and formal events
Weddings are the perfect occasion to show off your heirloom Meenakari earrings. Brides look beautiful in traditional earrings, and so do guests. So, irrespective of whether you are wearing a pure silk saree, a zari lehenga choli, or a thread-embroidery salwar kameez, Meenakari earrings are just for you. Their traditional and modern design patterns make them perfect for festivals. So, whether it is Diwali or Christmas, Vishu or Onam, Meenakari earrings can be worn by women of all ages. Their timeless designs make them stand out.
If you are celebrating a birthday or anniversary, choose Meenakari earrings in similar or contrasting colours to complement your outfit. Different styles of Meenakari earrings, like Meena jhumkas, Meena chandeliers, Meena hoops and Meena chand balis, make you look good and embrace our ancient culture. Meenakari earrings are also a good choice for social events. Dress up in Meena earrings for a dance performance or music recital. Wear slightly smaller and lighter jhumkas or studs to social events for a traditional yet stylish look.
For formal events, opt for Meenakari earrings with more intricate designs since they look more sophisticated. Whether you are attending a graduation ceremony, a conference, or a golf tournament, style Meenakari earrings in line with the dress code for the formal event.
Meenakari earrings can elevate any outfit, from silk sarees to contemporary dresses. Depending on whether you're preparing for a wedding or an event, style the Meenakari earrings differently. Large hanging Meenakari jhumkas or chandbalis look best with heavy bridal sarees and lehenga. If the wedding outfit is off-white or neutral, opt for the Panch Rang Meena earrings. If in shades of pink, go for the Gulabi Meena earrings. But if you dress in traditional bright red, choose Meenakari earrings wisely to complement and not clash with the overall look. Meenakari earrings also pair well with gold and Kundan jewellery.
Secondly, choose the earrings according to the outfit. Is it to be paired with a saree, a kurta, or a Western full-length skirt blouse? Depending on the outfit and whether you want to create a traditional look or a fusion look, choose the colour and style of earrings accordingly. Opt for colours that either complement or provide a stunning contrast to your outfit. As Meenakari jhumkas are quite opulent, they are a statement piece themselves. If you are going to a formal event, avoid a matching necklace. Instead, opt for a slim bracelet to go with it. The right styling makes all the difference! Mix and match your Meenakari earrings with Kundan or Polki jewellery to create a modern fusion look.
Lastly, remember Meenakari earrings are available in several styles, designs, colours and lengths. Try out various looks to see which suits your attire and the occasion. There is a pair of hand-painted Meenakari earrings for everyone. Meenakari earrings suit every pocket and every distinct style.
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